The book analyzes the role of integrated ammonia fuel cell systems within various renewable energy. These space vehicles use a hydrogenoxygen fuel cell that requires a continuous input of h 2 g and o 2 g, as illustrated in figure \\pageindex4\. Therefore g represents the free energy or the energy available to do. Also referred to as proton exchange membrane fuel cells, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells employ porous carbon electrodes containing a platinum catalyst and a solid polymer as the electrolyte. They have been used for decades in the aerospace applications, and are now rapidly finding use in. Department of energy office of fossil energy national energy technology laboratory p.
Sumit thakur ece seminars fuel cell seminar and ppt with pdf report. This classification determines the kind of electrochemical reactions that take place in the cell, the kind of catalysts required, the temperature range in. Fuel cells require relatively pure fuel, free of specific con taminants. Wilder its first worth ones while to explore how five current types of fuel cell vary from one another, in key ways. Others may be useful for small portable applications or for powering cars. Fuel cell efficiency since fuel cells use materials that are typically burnt to release their energy,gy, y the fuel cell efficiency is described as the ratio of the electrical energy produced to the heat that is produced by burning the fuel its enthalpy of formation or. Nov 05, 2015 there are many different types of fuel cells, based on the catalyst used. The author provides a comprehensive exploration of the history of fuel cells, the environmental concerns which came into prominence in the 1980s and the economic factors associated with this method of power generation. Electrochemical cell definition, description, types. Some types of fuel cell systems are capable of using hydrocarbon fuels like natural gas, biogas, methanol, and others. This page contains fuel cell seminar and ppt with pdf report. Fuel cells directly and efficiently convert chemical energy to electrical energy1.
Serious interest in the fuel cell as a practical generator did not begin until the 1960s, when the u. Grove utilized four cells, each containing hydrogen and oxygen, to produce electric power which was then used to split the water in. A section is devoted to fuel generation and storage, which is of paramount importance for the practical aspects of fuel cell use. It includes electrochemical energy technology as in energy conversion and. An electrochemical cell is a device that can generate electrical energy from the chemical reactions occurring in it, or use the electrical energy supplied to it to facilitate chemical reactions in it. The key to a hydrogen economy ammonia fuel cell systems. Depending on the type of fuel cell, the fuel used is hydrogen, or molecules with a large amount of hydrogen, such as methanol. Fuel cell seminar report with ppt and pdf parts of fuel cells there are 4 main parts anode cathode catalyst proton exchange membrane types of. Types history of the technology the fuel cell concept was first demonstrated by william r. Pdf a deep analysis of the fuel cells technologies state of the art has been.
Fuel cell cars from hyundai, toyota, and honda have hit or about to hit the u. But before highlighting differences, ponder a similarity among all. To learn more about this technology and other related topics, register with byjus and download the mobile application on your smartphone. There will be a real environmental advantage in urban areas when driving electric cars powered by hydrogen or methanol via fuel cells, even if the fuel is produced elsewhere with some pollution as a result. Each has its own strengths and challenges, and some are better suited for certain applications. Fuel cell seminar report with ppt and pdf study mafia. They represent highly efficient and fuelflexible technologies that offer diverse benefits. Fuel cells are unique in terms of the variety of their potential applications. Types of fuel cells how fuel cells work howstuffworks. Fuel cells are clean, efficient devices that react fuels such as hydrogen and methanol via an electrochemical pathway, thereby generating electricity. Fuel cells that use pure hydrogen fuel are completely carbon free, with their only byproducts being electricity, heat, and water. Of the various fuel cell types, solidoxide fuel cells sofcs combine the benefits of environmentally benign.
Careers in fuel cell technologies existing and emerging fuel cell applications hold large job growth potential. May 07, 2016 types of fuel cells, hydrogen fuel cell, advantages, applications slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Half cells and cell potential types of electrochemical cells applications of electrochemical cells. Approximately 75,000 fuel cells had been shipped worldwide by the end of 2009. Finally, attention is given to the integration of the fuel cells into complete systems. What are fuel cells used for, hydrogen senser, types of. Thus, the different types of fuel cells and the working of an alkaline fuel cell are briefly discussed in this article along with some of the applications of these electrochemical cells. Fuel cell definition, working, types, and applications. A fuel cell is composed of an anode, cathode, and an electrolyte membrane. Types of fuel cells fuel cells are classified primarily by the kind of electrolyte they employ.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells pemfcs, direct methanol fuel cells, and alkaline fuel cells are of interest for their use in highenergy applications with specific use in transportation, such as electric cars. C 8 h 18 33,000 hydrogen 30 leadacid battery 12,300 gasoline 9,300 natural gas 48 advanced lead acid specific energy whkg fuel performance of energy storage systems. This shows a summary of the different types of fuel cells. Some types of fuel cells work well for use in stationary power plants. Fuel cells from fundamentals to systems publishes on all aspects of fuel cells, ranging from their molecular basis including theory and with molecular processes at catalyst surfaces and microscopic processes in membranes to their application in systems such as power plants, road vehicles and power sources in portables.
Table 11 summary of major differences of the fuel cell types. Seventh edition fuel cell handbook technical report osti. An overview of fuel cells currently under development. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells provide highpower density and the advantages of low weight and volume compared to other types of fuel cells. Fuel cells require relatively pure fuel, free of specific contaminants. Others may be useful for small portable applications, others for vehicle applications. The hydrogen can also be produced from natural gas, an oil product, coal or e. Fuel cells do not need to be periodically recharged like batteries, but instead continue to produce electricity as long as a fuel source is provided.
Alternative sources of energy an introduction to fuel cells. Some types of fuel cells work well for use in stationary power generation plants. Aug 16, 2010 hydrogen fuel cells april 5, 2004 gary flomenhoft, bsme, mapp, cee research associate gund institute, snr owner. Types and applications 381 cheng s, liu h, logan be 2006a increased performance of single chamber microbial fuel cells using an improved cathode structure. Next, the different types of fuel cells and their main components are explained and the related material issues are presented.
Their applications are wideranging with use found in local stations and power plants, in industry for the highly efficient conversion of waste and biomass materials and in carbon dioxide reduction in all fossil fuel burning processes. Both batteries and fuel cells produce direct current d. Fuel cells is a concise, uptodate and accessible guide to the evolution of the use of electrochemistry to generate power. Fuel cell systems are a clean, efficient, reliable, and quiet source of power. Fuel cells furnished power for the gemini and apollo spacecraft, and.
An important difference exists between these fuel cells and other types of fuel cells, in that various natural fuels or products of relatively simple processing of such fuels may also be utilized directly. Fuel cellpowered forklifts have been especially popular, with customers including bmw, cocacola, fedex, walmart, and whole foods. Fuel cells are different from most batteries in requiring a continuous source of fuel and oxygen usually from air to sustain the chemical reaction. The book explores electrochemistry, types, and materials and components, but also includes a chapter on. A highperformance cathode for the next generation of solid. Major types of fuel cells in general all fuel cells have the same basic configuration an electrolyte and two electrodes different types of fuel cells are classified by the kind of electrolyte used the type of electrolyte used determines the kind of chemical reactions that take place and the temperature range of operation major types of fuel cells.
Electrolysis setup by application of a voltage across the two electrodes, hydrogen and oxygen could. The importance of fuel cells for energy saving purposes is emphasised. Ammonia fuel cells covers all aspects of ammonia fuel cell technologies and their applications, including their theoretical analysis, modeling studies and experimental investigations. Types of fuel cells are commonly identified by the composition of their electrolyte, which could be either phosphoric acid, an alkaline solution, a molten carbonate, a solid metal oxide, or a solid polymer membrane. Department of energys energy efficiency and renewable energy fuel cell technologies program fuel cell comparison chart. Hydrogen fuel cells april 5, 2004 gary flomenhoft, bsme, mapp, cee research associate gund institute, snr owner.
Engineering issues like how to cool the fuel cell stack and whether to pressurize the fuel cell are discussed in general terms and the feasibility of certain design options is determined. The cell he demonstrated was very simple, probably resembling this. These contaminants include sulfur and carbon compounds, and residual liquid fuels depending on the type of fuel cell that can deactivate the fuel cell catahydrogen fuel cell engines and related technologies. The book analyzes the role of integrated ammonia fuel cell systems within various renewable energy resources and existing energy systems.
Protonexchange membrane fuel cells also called polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells pem provide a continuous electrical energy supply from fuel at high levels of efficiency and power density. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Figure 48 irfree electrode performance with o2 and air in 9 n koh at 55 to 60 c. Grove utilized four cells, each containing hydrogen and oxygen, to produce electric power which was then used to split the water in the smaller upper cell into hydrogen and oxygen. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. An introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology by brian cook, heliocentris vancouver, canada whereas the 19th century was the century of the steam engine and the 20th century was the century of the internal combustion engine, it is likely that the 21st century will be the century of the fuel cell. A fuel cell uses the chemical energy of hydrogen or another fuel to cleanly and efficiently produce electricity. The major types of fuel for sofc as reactants being oxidized are hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Polymer electrolyte membrane pem, direct methanol, alkaline, phosphoric acid, molten carbonate, solid oxide, and microbial, among others. Fuel cell handbook national energy technology laboratory.
Each type of fuel cell has advantages and drawbacks compared to the others, and none is yet cheap and efficient enough to widely replace traditional ways of generating power, such coalfired, hydroelectric, or even nuclear power plants. Since publication of the first edition of fuel cell systems explained, three compelling drivers have supported the continuing development of fuel cell technology. They differ from batteries as they fuel cells require the continuous supply of fuel. A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel often hydrogen and an oxidizing agent often oxygen into electricity through a pair of redox reactions. Fuel cell types are generally classified according to the nature of the electrolyte. Seventh edition fuel cell handbook technical report. Fuel cells are usually classified by their operating temperature and the type of electrolyte they use. In the1960s, international fuel cells in windsor connecticut developed a fuel cell power. Creates electricity through electrochemical process. Further, the paper looks to introduce both the technical and economic issues facing the introduction of this technology. Home fuel cells types of fuel cells fuel cells are classified primarily by the kind of electrolyte they employ. Their applications are wideranging with use found in local stations and power plants, in industry for the highly efficient conversion of waste and biomass materials and in carbon dioxide reduction in all fossilfuelburning processes. The following list describes the five main types of fuel cells.
Box 880 morgantown, west virginia 265070880 november 2004. Although fuel cells are an essentially pollution free means of obtaining electrical energy, their expense and technological complexity have thus far limited their applications. Fuel cells are mainly classified by the characteristics affecting their performance like the type of catalysts, electrolyte used, the fuel required and temperaturerange 1, 2. The book explores electrochemistry, types, and materials and components, but also includes a chapter on the particularities of their use in portable. A highperformance cathode for the next generation of. They represent highly efficient and fuel flexible technologies that offer diverse benefits.
This classification determines the kind of electrochemical reactions that take place in the cell, the kind of catalysts required, the temperature range in which the cell operates, the fuel required, and other factors. An introduction to fuel cell technology and economics. Fuel cells can be used to power scooters, forklift trucks, buses, trains, boats, aircraft, and cars. Fuel cells are among the promising technologies that are expected to transform our energy sector. First fuel cellfirst fuel cell 3 in 1839, william grove, a british jurist and amateur physicist, first discovered the principle of the fuel cell. Fuel cells and storage fundamentals and applications covers the basics of portable fuel cells, their types, possibilities for fuel storage, in particular for hydrogen as fuel, and their potential application. Nov 01, 2004 discusses the basic workings of fuel cells and their system components, main fuel cell types, their characteristics, and their development status, as well as a discussion of potential fuel cell applications. If hydrogen is the fuel, electricity, water, and heat are the only products. There are several different types of fuel cells, each using a different chemistry. Discusses the basic workings of fuel cells and their system components, main fuel cell types, their characteristics, and their development status, as well as a discussion of potential fuel cell applications. The elec trolyte in stationary power plants could be phosphoric acid, molten carbonates, or solid metal oxides. Alkaline fuel cells an overview sciencedirect topics. There are many types of fuel cells, but they all consist of a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte that allows positively charged hydrogen ions to move between the two sides of the fuel cell.
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