Chemistry of crude oil desalting books

Crude oil doesnt just provide us with the fuels to drive the world and its economy. Refinery and distillation books this section is for refinery, oil refining,refining and distillation books, here you can find many books about trays and packed columns. In widening its vision also to incorporate a geological history of petroleum formation, presentday geopolitical and economic issues, and approaches to redress and improve the delicate ties between the petroleum industry and the. Learn chemistry crude oil with free interactive flashcards. Desalting adjunct chemistry nalco chemical company. Non standard tests for predict impact of crude oil quality on. The focus of day three will be about crude oil desalting.

The following chapters focus on the composition of hydrocarbon fuels and some of their important physical properties. The crude oil feedstock is heated to 65180c to reduce viscosity and surface tension for easier mixing and separation of the water. Summary crude oil chemistry is foremost a scientifically exact guide to the full family of classical and modern analytical and process technologies in petroleum refining in widening its vision also to incorporate a geological history of petroleum formation, presentday geopolitical and economic issues, and approaches to redress and improve the delicate ties between the petroleum industry and. In addition to fueling our suvs and illuminating our cities, crude oil and its byproducts fertilize.

Influence of key parameters on crude oil desalting. Four deferric agents were synthesized for the testing. Comprehensive chemical analysis and characterization of heavy. Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils publishes reports on improvements in the processing of petroleum and natural gas and cracking and refining techniques for the production of highquality fuels, oils, greases, specialty fluids, additives and synthetics. Step 1 in the refining process is to remove these contaminants so as to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning catalysts in processing units. Chemists in the oil and petroleum industry work with crude oil and the products derived from it. Almost 60 million bd of crude oil is produced worldwide. All of the different facets of desalter operation is discussed giving the reader the ability to understand and operate a desalter with confidence.

The journal includes timely articles on the demulsification, desalting, and desulfurizing of crude oil. The basics of the book is gpsa engineering data book, surface production facilities, surface petroleum operations book, johncample technical books, api reference standards, and others. May 27, 2010 the aim of this paper is to present an artificial neural network ann controller trained on a historical data set that covers a wide operating range of the fundamental parameters that affect the demulsifier dosage in a crude oil desalting process. Three highiron crude oils were studied for iron distributions, deferrization, and desalting in the desalting process. In widening its vision also to incorporate a geological history of petroleum formation, presentday geopolitical and economic issues, and. A crude oil porphyrin can be made from chlorophyll and presumably hemoglobin in even less than 12 hours. Crude oil contaminants and adverse chemical components. In chemical desalting, water and chemical surfactant demulsifiers are added to the crude, heated so that salts and other impurities dissolve into the water or attach to the water, and then held in a tank where. Choose from 500 different sets of chemistry crude oil flashcards on quizlet.

In addition to fueling our suvs and illuminating our cities, crude oil and its byproducts fertilize our produce, pave our roads, and make plastic possible. Pdf experimental investigation of crude oil desalting and. Operation and design considerations will also be covered. The salt content after the desalter is usually measured in ptb pounds of salt per thousand barrels of crude oil. A desalter is a process unit in an oil refinery that removes salt from the crude oil. Crude oil desalting is usually the initial process that is carried out during upstream operations. The chemistry of oil explained by flood geology the.

Oilfield processing volume two, crude oil ebook, 1995. Chapter 1 introduces the topic of crude oil fouling and starts with a description of fouling in a typical crude distillation unit. The book was prepared by a summarized combination of the most proper books in oil and gas processing with excessive illustration and explanation. In widening its vision also to incorporate a geological history of petroleum formation, presentday geopolitical and economic issues, and approaches to redress and improve the delicate ties between the petroleum industry and. Here is some light reading on light crude with a tilt to history, science, and talking your way out of a business meeting on various and sundry hydrocarbons. The performance of the desalting dehydration process depends on various process parameters interacting with each other. The desalting is usually the first process in crude oil refining. Water and salt associated with oil production can cause considerable operational problems. The seven books you must read if you want to understand oil. Four different types of hydrocarbon molecules appear in crude oil. Crude oil desalting introduction poor desalting has the following effects. Desalting desalting is the first separation process that takes place at the front end of a petroleum refinery i. The book covers every aspect of crude oil, natural gas, refining, recovery, and any other area of petroleum engineering that is useful for the engineer to know or to be able to refer to, offering practical solutions to everyday engineering problems and a comprehensive reference work that will stand the test of time and provide aid to its readers. Study on the deferrization and desalting for crude oils.

The two most typical methods of crude oil desalting, chemical and electrostatic separation, use hot water as the extraction agent. Salt and water content specifications are even more rigid because of their negative effect in downstream processes due to corrosion, and catalyst deactivation. Petroleum or crude oil is any naturallyoccurring flammable mixture of hydrocarbons found in geologic formations, such as rock strata. A desalters purpose is to remove crude oil contaminants that will have harmful effects in downstream equipment and process units. The fractions recovered from the atmospheric distillation tower include naphtha, kerosene, diesel and bottoms liquid called atmospheric resid. This article focuses on the use of electrostatic desalters to produce a dehydrated, desalted crude oil with a low sediment content. Alrick moodie february 2007 refining is boiling oil a large part of refining involves separating the different fractions of crude oil and other intermediate streams. Step 2 most typical methods of crude oil desalting are chemical. When the crude oil enters the unit, it carries with it some brine in the form of very fine water droplets emulsified in the crude oil. An optimum formulation concept is presented to describe emulsion breaking in. The journal includes timely articles on the demulsification, desalting, and.

We use these technologiesperfected over many decadesto provide solutions ranging from singlestage product applications to complete oil treatments to ensure your oil is costeffectively. Petroleum refining crude oil production of materials. Fyi unichem 72 desalting aid improves heavy oil desalting process. Summary crude oil chemistry is foremost a scientifically exact guide to the full family of classical and modern analytical and process technologies in petroleum refining. Its primary objective is to prevent corrosion and fouling of downstream lines and equipment by reducing the oil s salt content significantly. Removing contaminants from crude oil digitalrefining. The modern petroleum refinery has a series of core process units that create clean gasoline and low sulfur diesel fuel. Aug 12, 2003 crude oil chemistry is foremost a scientifically exact guide to the full family of classical and modern analytical and process technologies in petroleum refining. Salts carried with the products act as catalyst poisons in catalytic cracking units. Best available tech reference document for the refining oil. Petroleum refining design and applications handbook wiley. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries also referred to as oil refineries to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas lpg, gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils refineries are very large industrial complexes that involve many different processing units. The two most typical methods of crudeoil desalting, chemical and electrostatic. The first oil refinery unit is crude oil desalting.

Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum products james g. Chemical bonding, application of chemical reactions and organic chemistry. Crude is the unexpurgated story of oil, from the circumstances of its birth millions of years ago to the spectacle of its rise as the indispensable ingredient of modern life. Designing and testing a chemical demulsifier dosage. Refining involves a wide variety of chemical reactions and understanding refining chemistry not only allows the refiner to understand the means by which these products can be formed from various feedstocks, but also offers a chance of process predictability of the process chemistry leading to process evolution for the refinery to accommodate the different types of crude oil as well. Desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil cleanup. Petroleum engineering is the application of chemistry, physics, math, geology, and engineering principles to discover a costeffective way to identify promising areas for exploration, access this natural resource, and refine it into desirable products. The high cost, high sulfur and metal content, and low yield of valued products make heavy crude oil uneconomic for most oil companies, but this may be a shortsighted view because investments made. Jul 20, 2015 demulsifier chemistry and rsn 170715 1. The book also contains unique chapters on midstream operations, learnings from major accidents, and safetyenvironmental laws and regulations.

Petroleum crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons consisting mainly of alkanes and cycloalkanes with smaller quantities of unsaturated hydrocarbons including alkenes. Crude oil often contains water, inorganic salts, suspended solids, and watersoluble trace metals. Fundamentals of petroleum refining presents the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics. The designed controller was tested and implemented on. Learn how a crude oil desalter functions and operates from an experienced engineer who has worked in design, operations and chemicals. Aimed at students and professionals, this book covers every major aspect of petroleum.

The temperature is limited by the vapor pressure of the crude oil feedstock. This research reflects the results of a study conducted regarding the impact of operational desalting parameters, including the effects of temperature, injected chemicals and the ph of the crude oil associated water, on an electrostatic desalter on one of the oil platforms owned by the iranian oil offshore company in the persian gulf. Noaas office of response and restoration is the primary science adviser to the u. Knowledge of the chemical makeup of the particular oil, whether it is a crude oil or refined fuel oil, is critical in making response decisions when there is spill. Almost all refineries now use electrostatic desalters. Petroleum crude oil composition by weight hydrocarbon average range paraffins 30% 15 to 60% naphthenes 49% 30 to 60% aromatics 15% 3 to 30% asphaltics 6% remainder. A south american refiner had allowed several specialty chemical companies to attempt to treat difficult boscan and bachaquero crude feeds through an. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum. Crude oil chemistry 1st edition vasily simanzhenkov. By reading this presentation, the reader agrees not to disclose any information contained in the presentation without the prio.

Experimental investigation of crude oil desalting and dehydration article pdf available in chemical engineering communications 1901. Crude oil cracking chemistry oil refinery free 30day. Desalting of crude oil is an essential part of the refinery operation. Larry kremer, baker petrolite crude oil quality group may 29, 2003 this presentation contains the proprietary information of baker petrolite corporation. By using merey16 heavy crude oil with high water and salt content and high acid value as a research object, the effects of water addition amount, electric field intensity and processing time. Desalting involves mixing heated crude oil with washing water, using a mixing valve or static mixers to ensure a proper contact between the crude oil and the water, and then passing it to a separating vessel, where a proper separation between the aqueous and organic phases is achieved. Speight encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 2. The salt is dissolved in the water in the crude oil, not in the crude oil itself. The process starts by mixing the raw crude oil with an appropriate amount of washing water. Therefore, desalting dehydration plants are often installed in crude oil production units to remove watersoluble salts from an oil stream.

Petroleum downstream crash course 6 desalting youtube. Crude oil chemistry is foremost a scientifically exact guide to the full family of classical and modern analytical and process technologies in petroleum refining. As a first step in the refining process, to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning the catalysts in processing units, these contaminants must be removed by desalting dehydration. Our crude oil treatment technologies include multiphase separation systems, dehydration and desalting electrostatic treaters, and distillate treaters. Crude oil quality group informational industry paper crude oil contaminants and. Crude oil desalter encyclopedia article citizendium. Its also the source of the building blocks that todays molecular architects use for a wide range of useful chemical products that weve come to regard as vital to everyday life. The chemistry is as given by the product suppliers. Topics that will be covered on this day include the main problems of salty crude oil, oil desalting principles, equipment, processes, technologies, and the life cycle costing for selection considerations. Most petroleum is a fossil fuel, formed from the action of intense pressure and heat on buried dead zooplankton and algae. The desalter removes salt, water and other contaminants from crude oil prior to distillation in an atmospheric tower. Speight encyclopedia of life support systems eolss refinery gas c1 c4 161 1 259 31 liquefied petroleum gas c3 c4 42 1 44 31 naphtha c5 c17 36 302 97 575 gasoline c4 c12 1 216 31 421. An expert in characterization studies of heavy ends, residues, and asphalt, he is also knowledgeable about crude oils and products, refining process technology, waste oil recycling, and stability characteristics of jet fuels.

At least 60million bd of water is coproduced from the oil bearing reservoirs. Modem oil production requires efficient dehydration and desalting of crudeoil, as well as treatment of effluent water to an environmentally acceptablelevel. The desalting software programs can assist refineries wishing to turn economically priced opportunity crude oils that exhibit lower api gravity, are more sulfurous and have higher basic sediments and solids that can be filtered into something that will not inhibit performance. As mentioned previously, feeding the desalter a consistent diet will help in the process as well as keeping the temperature high. The salt content of the crude measured in pounds per thousand barrels can be as high as 2000. Crude oil desalter and electrostatic dehydrator market. Demulsifier chemistry and rsn 170715 linkedin slideshare.

Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils aims and scope. A computational intelligence based approach for the analysis. The more desalting is optimised, the more contaminants will be removed. Crude oil desalting technology is used to remove residual salts from crude oil so that it can be processed in a refinery without corroding and fouling heaters, exchangers, and other equipment. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals refining james g. While water boils at a single temperature, crude oil boils over a wide range of temperatures. Fuhrhop and smith found that 80% of the porphyrins in a sealed glass tube were broken down when heated to 165 degrees c for four hours in the presence of vanadium tetrachloride. A crude oil desalter is a device used in petroleum refineries to remove inorganic salts, water and sediment from the incoming petroleum crude oil feedstock before it is refined. Salts deposit inside the tubes of furnaces and on the tube bundles of heat exchangers creating fouling, thus reducing the heat transfer efficiency.

The relative percentage of each varies from oil to oil, determining the properties of each oil. This book is comprised of 14 chapters and begins with a comprehensive treatment of the formation of fuels from accumulated organic matter, along with the organic geochemistry of coal, oil, and gas. Deferric agents te3 and te4 of the polyamine carboxylate types had a better. Organic chlorides are determined using wet analytical chemistry techniques. Simplified desalting process flow diagrams for different configurations. These desalting units normally operate on the basis of the imposition on the crude oil or on a water washed crude oil a so called crude oil wash water emulsion of an electrical field of high voltage and low current, which voltage can range from 300 volts to as high as 30,000 volts, but normally ranges between about 1,000 to about 25,000 volts. Wide varieties of pointsource wastewaters are produced from the storage and electric desalting of crude oil, as well as refining processes such as atmosphericvacuum distillation, fluid catalytic cracking, delayed coking, hydrocracking and hydrofining, etc. Crude oil fouling is a longstanding problem in oil refineries that impacts operations, energy efficiency, and costs and has severe environmental and health and safety implications. Covers process descriptions, design method, operating procedures, and troubleshooting in great detail. Read 1,000 pages, and you too can catch the commodity knife in the dark. Desalting, the removal of formation water from oil, is a vital process in crude oil recovery.